FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE SEMANTIC RELATIONS IN RUSSIAN SENTENCES

Abstract

Introduction. The theoretical positions of the correlation of the structure of linguistic
units and their semantic relations as an object of studying the structural and semantic direction
of the modern Russian language are considered in the article. Purpose. Investigate particular
factors that affect the change in the meaning relations in simple and complex sentences, depending
on the lexical content associated with the speech goal of a speaker or a writer. Methods. Descriptive,
analytical, comparative methods are used in the article. Results. Modern researchers produce
testimony to statement that the lexis and syntax, representing different levels of the linguistic
system, are closely related: vocabulary is defined as the semantics of syntactical units, as their
structure. In the construction of the syntactic units, the choice of lexis is determined by the speaker's
needs to represent this or that information about reality. Lexis invades actively the area of
the syntactic meanings. The communicative aspect influences the capacity of the members
of sentence, on the semantic discrimination of the subject and the predicate, strengthens or weakens
the value of the nominative meanings. Emotional-evaluative elements include a stylistic aspect
and affect the structure of the sentence, combining semantic and grammatical factors. The direction
of the semantic syntax put forward the concept of proposition as a model called the sentence
of the “state of affairs.” The structure of the proposition is determined by the predicate, it indicates the participants of the “state of affairs” (actants), determines their quantity and roles. The study
of the semantic organization of the sentence and the factors that influence their changes is carried
out simultaneously from the side of lexicology and semantic syntax. The dominant is the proposition
that a sentence, like a word, is a nominative unit. The difference is only in the representation
of the correlative operation performed by the subject. The factor of the transitivity of syntactic
phenomena is parallel complementary functions. Conclusions. Understanding the community
of the words and sentences functions as nominative units combined the possibilities of lexicology
and syntax, which expanded the field of interpretation characteristics of structural schemes of the
sentence. Investigating the phenomenon of the transition of the one type of syntactic unit to another,
we indicated the general and complementary factors of the semantic relationship changings.